Chicago Humanities Bibliographic Style

Lists of Works Cited: Chicago style (humanities)

Books—Journal &Magazine Articles—Newspaper Articles—Electronic Resources—Other Primary Resources

Chicago humanities style is prominent in the humanities, but is also used in other disciplines. If you don't see an appropriate example below, check the Chicago Manual of Style.

Books

Author, Arthur, Brian Author and Cathy Author. Title of work. Place
    of publication: Publisher, date of publication.

Single space between lines. Indent all lines after the first.
Leave blank those elements that are irrelevant or unavailable

With a single author

Lukacs, John. Philadelphia: Patricians and Philistines, 1900-1950. New York:
    Farrar, Straus, Giroux, 1981.

More than one author

Loudraville, Richard, and Janis Loudraville. Dear Yeats, Dear Pound, Dear
    Ford: Jeanne Robert Foster and Her Circle of Friends. Syracuse: Syracuse
    University Press, 2001.

Electronic book

Ludden, David. An Agrarian History of South Asia. Cambridge: Cambridge
    University Press, 1999 in Penn Library E-Books Project.
    <http://digital.library.upenn.edu/ebooks/pdfs/0521364248.pdf> (29 February
    2002).

Article within a book

Schwartz, Joel. "The Triumph of Liberalism." In The Empire State: A History of
   New York, edited by Milton M. Klein. Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 2001,
   519-621.

Encyclopedias and other multi-volume works
According to the Chicago Manual of Style, well-known reference works are not listed in bibliographies.

Journal and Magazine Articles

Author, Arthur, Brian Author and Cathy Author. "Title of article." Title
   of Periodical volume number. issue number (publication date[no 
   parentheses for magazine articles]): page numbers.

Single space between lines. Indent all lines after the first.
Leave blank those elements that are irrelevant or unavailable.

From print journals

Hitchcock, Christopher. "The Intransitivity of Causation Revealed in Equations
    and Graphs." The Journal of Philosophy 98 (2001): 325-329.

From e-journals

Janssen, Maarten C. "On the Principle of Coordination." Economics and
    Philosophy 17 (2001). <http://www.journals.cambridge.org/> [cited 29
    November 2001].

From full-text databases

Gourevitch, Victor. "Rousseau on Providence." The Review of Metaphysics
    March 2000. In Expanded Academic ASAP [database online]. Gale Group
    [cited 2 December 2001].

From printed magazines

O'Brien, Jeffrey M. "The Making of the Xbox." Wired, 9 November 2001,
    146-153.

From online magazines

O'Brien, Jeffrey M. "The Making of the Xbox." Wired, 9 November 2001, 146-
    153. <www.wired.com> [cited 9 November 2001].

Book Reviews

Markosian, Ned. Review of Semantics, Tense, and Time, by Peter Ludlow. The
    Journal of Philosophy 98 (June 2001): 325-329.

Newspaper Articles

Author, Arthur, Brian Author and Cathy Author. "Title of article." Title
   of Newspaper, day month year: section numbers (if used) page numbers.

Single space between lines. Indent all lines after the first.
Leave blank those elements that are irrelevant or unavailable.

From print newspapers

According to the Chicago Manual of Style, references to news items from daily papers are usually made with citations within the text. The names and dates of relevant papers may be included in the bibliography.

Wilford, John Noble. "Artifacts in Africa Suggest an Earlier Modern Human."
    New York Times, 2 December 2001, national edition.

From online newspapers

Wilford, John Noble. "Artifacts in Africa Suggest an Earlier Modern Human."
    New York Times, 2 December 2001, national edition, <www.nyt.com> [cited
    2 December 2001].

From full-text databases

Wilford, John Noble. "Artifacts in Africa Suggest an Earlier Modern Human."
    New York Times, 2 December 2001, national edition. In Lexis-Nexis [database
    Online] [cited 2 December 2001].

Online Resources

Note: The Chicago Manual of Style offers little direction for online resources. The style provided here is adapted from the 14th edition of the Chicago Manual of Style (especially sections 15.423, 15.424, 16.208, 16.209) and Online: a reference guide to using online resources from Bedford/St. Martins <http://www.bedfordstmartins.com/online/index.html> [cited 6 March 2002].

[Use whatever form is appropriate for the document]. <URL> OR description [online database, for example] [cited day month year].

Single space between lines. Indent all lines after the first.
Leave blank those elements that are irrelevant or unavailable.
When page numbers are not available to identify part of an electronic document, use chapter or section information
When a document consists of multiple pages or sites, provide the URL of whatever page provides easiest access to all of them (the home page, for example).

Electronic book

Ludden, David. An Agrarian History of South Asia. Cambridge: Cambridge
    University Press, 1999 in Penn Library E-Books Project.
    <http://digital.library.upenn.edu/ebooks/pdfs/0521364248.pdf > [cited 29
    February 2002].

Articles from e-journals

Janssen, Maarten C. "On the Principle of Coordination." Economics and
    Philosophy, 17 (2001). <http://www.journals.cambridge.org/> [cited 29
    November 2001].

Articles from full-text databases

Gourevitch, Victor. "Rousseau on Providence." The Review of Metaphysics
    March 2000. In Expanded Academic ASAP [database online]. Gale Group
    [cited 2 December 2001].

Articles from online magazines

O'Brien, Jeffrey M. "The Making of the Xbox." Wired, 9 November 2001, 146-
    153. <www.wired.com> [cited 9 November 2001].

Articles from online newspapers

Wilford, John Noble. "Artifacts in Africa Suggest an Earlier Modern Human."
    New York Times, 2 December 2001, national edition, <www.nyt.com> [cited
    2 December 2001].

Newspaper articles from full-text databases

Wilford, John Noble. "Artifacts in Africa Suggest an Earlier Modern Human."
    New York Times 2 Dec. 2001, A1+. Lexis-Nexis Academic Universe, <

    http://web.lexis-nexis.com/universe> [cited 4 December 2001.]

E-mail

Okrent, Nicholas. "About Toni Morrison." E-mail to Kathryn Charkatz. [cited 2
    December 2001].

Online Posting to a Discussion List or Newsgroup

Okrent, Nicholas. "Help on Anti-Plagiarism Software." Online Posting.1
    December 2001. BI-L. [cited 2 December 2001]
    <http://www.ala.org/acrl/is/bil.html>.

Multimedia and Other Primary Resources

There is no standard reference style for miscellaneous primary resources. Each type of resource has a slightly different format.

Interviews (unpublished)

Messmer, Lydia. Interview by Mark W. Allam. Interview with
   Lydia Messmer: Oral History. Videorecording, 1987. University Archives,
   University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, 1987.