Chicago Humanities Bibliographic Style

Lists of Works Cited: Chicago style (humanities)

Books—Journal &Magazine Articles—Newspaper Articles—Electronic Resources—Other Primary Resources

Chicago humanities style is prominent in the humanities, but is also used in other disciplines. If you don't see an appropriate example below, check the Chicago Manual of Style.

Books

Author, Arthur, Brian Author and Cathy Author. Title of work. Place
    of publication: Publisher, date of publication.

Single space between lines. Indent all lines after the first.
Leave blank those elements that are irrelevant or unavailable

With a single author

Lukacs, John. Philadelphia: Patricians and Philistines, 1900-1950. New York:
    Farrar, Straus, Giroux, 1981.

More than one author

Loudraville, Richard, and Janis Loudraville. Dear Yeats, Dear Pound, Dear
    Ford: Jeanne Robert Foster and Her Circle of Friends. Syracuse: Syracuse
    University Press, 2001.

Electronic book

Ludden, David. An Agrarian History of South Asia. Cambridge: Cambridge
    University Press, 1999. Penn Library E-Books Project.
    http://digital.library.upenn.edu/ebooks/pdfs/0521364248.pdf (accessed 29 February
    2002).

Article within a book

Schwartz, Joel. "The Triumph of Liberalism." In The Empire State: A History of
   New York, edited by Milton M. Klein. Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 2001,
   519-621.

Encyclopedias and other multi-volume works
According to the Chicago Manual of Style, well-known reference works are not listed in bibliographies.

Journal and Magazine Articles

Author, Arthur, Brian Author and Cathy Author. "Title of article." Title
   of Periodical volume number. issue number (publication date[no 
   parentheses for magazine articles]): page numbers.

Single space between lines. Indent all lines after the first.
Leave blank those elements that are irrelevant or unavailable.

From print journals

Hitchcock, Christopher. "The Intransitivity of Causation Revealed in Equations
    and Graphs." The Journal of Philosophy 98 (2001): 325-329.

From e-journals

Janssen, Maarten C. "On the Principle of Coordination." Economics and
    Philosophy 17 (2001). http://www.journals.cambridge.org/ (accessed November 29
    2001).

From full-text databases through the Library

According to the Chicago Manual of Style Q & A section "it can generally be considered unnecessary to cite the name or URL of a third-party database that provides access, typically through library Web sites, to published material. Instead, cite the original publication information of the article" (http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/CMS_FAQ/URLs/URLs02.html).

Gourevitch, Victor. "Rousseau on Providence." The Review of Metaphysics,
    March 2000.

From printed magazines

O'Brien, Jeffrey M. "The Making of the Xbox." Wired, November 9 2001,
    146-153.

From online magazines

O'Brien, Jeffrey M. "The Making of the Xbox." Wired, November 9 2001. www.wired.com 
    (accessed 9 November 2001).

Book Reviews

Markosian, Ned. Review of Semantics, Tense, and Time, by Peter Ludlow. The
    Journal of Philosophy 98 (June 2001): 325-329.

Newspaper Articles

Author, Arthur, Brian Author and Cathy Author. "Title of article." Title
   of Newspaper, day month year: section numbers (if used) page numbers.

Single space between lines. Indent all lines after the first.
Leave blank those elements that are irrelevant or unavailable.

From print newspapers

According to the Chicago Manual of Style, references to news items from daily papers are usually made with citations within the text. The names and dates of relevant papers may be included in the bibliography.

Wilford, John Noble. "Artifacts in Africa Suggest an Earlier Modern Human."
    New York Times, December 2 2001, national edition.

From online newspapers

Wilford, John Noble. "Artifacts in Africa Suggest an Earlier Modern Human."
    New York Times, December 2 2001, national edition. www.nyt.com (accessed
    December 2 2001).

From full-text databases through the Library

Wilford, John Noble. "Artifacts in Africa Suggest an Earlier Modern Human."
    New York Times, December 2 2001, national edition.

Online Resources

[Use whatever form is appropriate for the document]. stable URL whenever possible
    OR description if necessary (accessed month day year).

Single space between lines. Indent all lines after the first.
According to the Chicago Manual of Style Q & A section "it can generally be considered unnecessary to cite the name or URL of a third-party database that provides access, typically through library Web sites, to published material. Instead, cite the original publication information of the article" (http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/CMS_FAQ/URLs/URLs02.html).
According to section 17.12 of the 15th edition of the Chicago Manual of Style "access dates in online source citations are of limited value, since previous versions will often be unavailable to readers (not to mention that an author may have consulted several revisions across any number of days in the course of research). Chicago therefore does not generally recommend including them in a published citation. For sources likely to have substantive updates, however, or in time-sensitive fields such as medicine or law where even small corrections may be significant, the date of the authors last visit to the site may usefully be added." However, if you believe that the information you cite may not be available in the future--because content in Internet resources often change without warning, for example--include the access date so readers will not question your documentation if they can not find the information at the location towards which you pointed them.
Leave blank those elements that are irrelevant or unavailable.
When page numbers are not available to identify part of an electronic document, use chapter or section information
When a document consists of multiple pages or sites, provide the URL of whatever page provides easiest access to all of them (the home page, for example).

Electronic book

Ludden, David. An Agrarian History of South Asia. Cambridge: Cambridge
    University Press, 1999. Penn Library E-Books Project.
    http://digital.library.upenn.edu/ebooks/pdfs/0521364248.pdf (accessed February 29
    2002).

Articles from e-journals

Janssen, Maarten C. "On the Principle of Coordination." Economics and
    Philosophy 17 (2001). http://www.journals.cambridge.org/ (accessed
    November 29 2001).

Articles from full-text databases accessed through the Library

Gourevitch, Victor. "Rousseau on Providence." The Review of Metaphysics,
    March 2000.

Articles from online magazines

O'Brien, Jeffrey M. "The Making of the Xbox." Wired, November 9 2001, www.wired.com 
    (accessed November 9 2001).

Articles from online newspapers

Wilford, John Noble. "Artifacts in Africa Suggest an Earlier Modern Human."
    New York Times, December 2 2001, national edition. www.nyt.com (accessed
    December 2 2001).

Newspaper articles from full-text databases

Wilford, John Noble. "Artifacts in Africa Suggest an Earlier Modern Human."
    New York Times Dec. 2 2001, A1+.

E-mail

E-mail is typically cited in running text (for example, "John Smith's December 2 2008 e-mail to the author described...") rather than in an in-text citation and is not included in the bibliography.

Multimedia and Other Primary Resources

There is no standard reference style for miscellaneous primary resources. Each type of resource has a slightly different format.

Interviews (unpublished)

Messmer, Lydia. 1987. Interview by Mark W. Allam. Videorecording. University Archives,
   University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia.